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Updated19/03/2024 09:15 
 




Earthquake Facts and Statistics

Plate Tectonics


Plate Tectonics Map by USGS

There are six major plates, named for the continents embedded within them, such as the North American, African, and Antarctic plates and dozens of smaller, or minor, plates. The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere. Churning currents in the molten rocks below propel them along like a jumble of conveyor belts. The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries: convergent, where plates move into one another; divergent, where plates move apart; and transform, where plates move sideways in relation to each other.

Convergent Boundaries
Where plates serving landmasses collide, the crust crumples and buckles into mountain ranges. India and Asia crashed about 55 million years ago, slowly giving rise to the Himalaya

Divergent Boundaries
In the oceans, magma from deep in the Earth's mantle rises toward the surface and pushes apart two or more plates. Mountains and volcanoes rise along the seam
On land, giant troughs such as the Great Rift Valley in Africa form where plates are tugged apart.

Transform Boundaries
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform boundary, where two plates grind past each other along what are called strike-slip faults

Are Earthquakes Really on the Increase? According to long-term records (since about 1900), we can expect about 17 major earthquakes (7.0 - 7.9) and one great earthquake (8.0 or above) in any given year.

Check out the list of magnitude 8 and greater earthquakes since 1900, Here

March 2011, Japan's coastline may have shifted by as much as 4m (13ft) to the east following the 8.9 Magnitude earthquake on friday 11th, according to experts also the quake probably shifted Earth on its axis by about 6.5 inches (16.5cm) and caused the planet to rotate somewhat faster, shortening the length of the day by about 1.8 millionths of a second.

Earthquake Statistics

Number of Earthquakes Worldwide for 2000 - 2011
Located by the US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center

Last updated 15th March 2011
Magnitude 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
8.0 to 9.9 1101 2 1 2 4 0 1 1 1
7.0 to 7.9 14151314 14 10 9 14 12 16 21 11
6.0 to 6.9 146121127140 141 140 142 178 168 144 151 128

Frequency of Occurrence of Earthquakes

Magnitude Average Annually
8 and higher 1 ¹
7 - 7.9 15 ¹
6 - 6.9 134 ²
5 - 5.9 1319 ²
4 - 4.9 13,000 (estimated)
3 - 3.9 130,000 (estimated)
2 - 2.9 1,300,000 (estimated)

¹ Based on observations since 1900.
² Based on observations since 1990.